It's been said that 80% of all infectious diseases are transmitted by touch. Hand washing is one of the easiest and best ways to prevent infection. Let’s learn how to do it right.
Infections can come from anywhere. Washing your hands from time to time might not keep you away from all of them, but it can definitely help avoid a few. Hand washing is simple, requires just water and soap or in absence of that, a sanitizer.
Why you should wash your hands
People interact with each other, shake hands, go to various places, use various objects and even use common washrooms. It is important to remain germ-free after doing all this. Touching your nose, mouth or eyes with unclean hands can also infect you. Frequent hand washing does not make you germ-free but reduces the transfer of bacteria, viruses and other microbes to a certain limit.
When you should wash your hands
Wash your hands before:
· Cooking or eating food
· Wearing or taking off contact lenses
· Cleaning wounds and giving medicine
· Treating a sick person
· Playing with a newborn baby
Wash your hands after:
· Having food
· Coming home from anywhere
· Using pesticides or other agents like mosquito or cockroach killers
· Using the toilet
· Touching and playing with animals
· Cleaning wounds or treating a sick person
· Blowing your nose, sneezing or coughing into your hand
· Using chemicals in the garden, throwing garbage or any other such household chores
How to wash your hands
You wash your hands everyday and might think it is a silly to read a “how-to” on it but it is always better to refresh your ideas and remind yourself on how to do things right.
Generally, handwash/soap and water are used to wash hands. The simple steps are as follows:
· Wet your hands
· Apply soap or hand wash
· Form lather
· Rub both the hands. Try to clean in between fingers, under the nails and the back of your hands along with wrists. Rub for some 20 seconds
· Pat dry with a clean or disposable towel or use air dryer
When to use a sanitizer
Alcohol based sanitizer can be used when water and soap are not available. It is important that your sanitizer contain at least 60% alcohol.
How to use a sanitizer
· Take a small quantity of sanitizer in your hands and rub it to wet your hands completely.
· Rub it till your hands are dry.
Kids and hand washing
Good habits must be cultivated from childhood. Kids must be encouraged to wash hands regularly. The best way to teach them is by being a good example. Tell them to sing a line of their favourite song as they wash their hands to stop them from rushing the process
It is okay for the kids to use sanitizers. They are not harmful. Teach them how to use it properly. Warn them strictly to rub till the alcohol dries. Store the container out of their reach or they will be tempted to use it time and again either for the smell or for the cold feeling it gives for few moments before getting dried.
Wash your way to health
Though soap may not kill every virus it comes across, it definitely decreases the viral count and brings it below the infectious threshold. It is neither time consuming, nor does it take any major effort. Wash your hands often to fall sick less often.
If you need to trim belly bloat in just a few days, here is your four-step healthy plan to making it happen, fast.
A few quick tips to reduce water retention, relieve gas, and eliminate heavy solids to have you feeling better and lighter.
What to avoid: Salt, salt-based seasonings, and highly processed foods.
Swap it out: Flavor your meals with salt-free seasoning blends or fresh or dry herbs.
The rationale: When you consume a lot of salt, you'll temporarily retain more fluid, contributing to a sluggish feeling, a puffy appearance, and extra water weight.
What to avoid: Alcohol, coffee, tea, hot cocoa, and acidic fruit juices
How to swap: Plain tap water
The rationale: Coffee and acidic drinks can irritate your gastrointestinal tract, causing swelling.
What to avoid: Black pepper, nutmeg, cloves, chili powder, hot sauces, onions, garlic, mustard, barbecue sauce, horseradish, ketchup, tomato sauce, and vinegar
Swap it out: Give dishes a flavor boost with fresh or dried herbs like dill, basil, mint, sage, tarragon, and rosemary.
The rationale: Spicy foods can stimulate the release of stomach acid, which can cause irritation.
What to avoid: Chewing gum
Swap it out: If you want something crunchy, reach for some nuts, like roasted or raw unsalted sunflower seeds. If you want a minty taste, brush your teeth instead.
The rationale: By chewing gum, you are also swallowing air, which gets trapped in your gastrointestinal tract and causes pressure and bloating.
What do avoid: Legumes, cauliflower, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cabbage, onions, peppers, and citrus fruits
Swap it out: Cook up green beans, mushrooms, and squash.
The rationale: It boils down to the fact that certain foods simply create more gas in your gastrointestinal tract.
What to avoid: High-carb foods such as bagels, pasta, pretzels, and cereals
Swap it out: Use one slice of whole grain bread for your sandwich at lunch and add extra protein, such as turkey slices. Swap your afternoon pretzels for nuts or seeds. At dinner, stick to brown rice if you need a starch.
The rationale: "Your muscles store a type of carbohydrate called glycogen," writes Prevention. "Every gram of glycogen is stored with about three grams of water." Unless you're running a marathon or triathlon soon, you won't likely need to be stockpiling carbs. Cut your carbs, and you'll temporarily train your body to access this stored fuel and burn it off, while also draining off excess stored fluids, according to Prevention.
skimlinks
Recently overindulged? Feeling a bit sluggish? Or just not looking your best? It could be that your body is in need of a detox. Fortunately, there are many foods around that can help counteract the effects of a toxic lifestyle. Whether you want to lose weight, feel more energised, improve your complexion or boost your mood, check out these top 10 foods to cleanse your body and boost your health.
Lemon: Lemons are a staple of many detox diets, and there is good reason for this. Firstly, lemons are packed with antioxidant vitamin C, which is great for the skin and for fighting disease-forming free-radicals. Furthermore, the citrus fruit has an alkaline effect on the body, meaning that it can help restore the body's pH balance, benefitting the immune system. Try starting your day with hot water and a slice of lemon to help flush out toxins and cleanse your system.
Ginger: If too much fatty food or alcohol has caused problems for your digestive system, it may be worthwhile adding some ginger to your diet. Ginger is not only great for reducing feelings of nausea, but it can help improve digestion, beat bloating and reduce gas. In addition to this, ginger is high in antioxidants and is good for boosting the immune system. To give your digestion a helping hand, try sipping on ginger tea or adding some freshly grated ginger to a fruit or vegetable juice.
Garlic: Garlic has long been known for its heart benefits, however the pungent food is also good at detoxifying the body. Garlic is not only antiviral, antibacterial and antibiotic, but it contains a chemical called allicin which promotes the production of white blood cells and helps fight against toxins. Garlic is best eaten raw, so add some crushed garlic to a salad dressing to boost its flavour and your health at the same time.
Artichoke: If you have recently been overindulging in fatty foods and alcohol, adding some steamed globe artichoke leaves to your meals is a great way to help get your body back on track. Globe artichokes are packed with antioxidants and fibre and can also help the body digest fatty foods. On top of this, globe artichoke is renowned for its ability to stimulate and improve the functions of the liver - the body's main toxin-fighting tool.
Beetroot: For those needing a quick health-boosting shot of nutrients, you can't do much better than beetroot. Packed with magnesium, iron, and vitamin C, the vegetable has recently been hailed as a superfood due to its many reported health benefits. Not only is beetroot great for skin, hair and cholesterol levels, but it can also help support liver detoxification, making it an ultimate detox food. To enjoy its benefits, try adding raw beetroot to salads or sipping on some beetroot juice.
Green tea: While it's not technically a food, no detox plan would be complete without regular consumption of essential liquids. Fluids are essential for keeping our organs healthy and helping to flush toxins from the body, and drinking green tea is a great way of boosting your intake. Green tea is not only a good weight-loss drink, but it is extremely high in antioxidants. Research has also suggested that drinking green tea can protect the liver from diseases including fatty liver disease.
Cabbage: Many celebs have resorted to the cabbage soup diet to help lose weight and get in shape quickly before a big event, however cabbage is not only good for weight loss - it is also an excellent detoxifying food. Like most cruciferous vegetables (including broccoli and sprouts), cabbage contains a chemical called sulforaphane, which helps the body fight against toxins. Cabbage also supplies the body with glutathione; an antioxidant that helps improve the detoxifying function of the liver.
Fresh fruit: Fresh fruits are high in vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and fibre= and are also low in calories, making them an important part of a detox diet. If you're after brighter eyes and skin, shinier hair and improved digestion, try boosting your intake of fruit and eating from a wide variety of different kinds. The good news is fruit is easy to add to your diet, so try starting your day with a fresh fruit salad or smoothie and snacking on pieces of fruit throughout the day.
Brown rice: If you want to cleanse your system and boost your health, it is a good idea to cut down on processed foods. Instead, try supplementing your diet with healthier whole grains such as brown rice, which is rich in many key detoxifying nutrients including B vitamins, magnesium, manganese and phosphorous. Brown rice is also high in fibre, which is good for cleansing the colon, and rich in selenium, which can help to protect the liver as well as improving the complexion.
Watercress: Like most green herbs and vegetables, watercress is an excellent health-booster and detox food. Firstly, watercress leaves are packed with many vital detoxifying nutrients, including several B vitamins, zinc, potassium, vitamin E and vitamin C. Secondly, watercress has natural diuretic properties, which can help to flush toxins out the body. To reap the benefits of this nutritious food, try adding a handful of watercress to salads, soups and sandwiches.
Those who are able to influence others are successful in whatever it is that they do.
Influencing others and bringing them to your wavelength is not about bullying or forcing someone to do something, its about making them do what you want them to do out of their own volition. Here’s how to go about it:
Show interest in the person in front of you
You have to be interested in what others want to say, and genuinely so. They should feel wanted and listened to. Pay attention to what they are saying. Mostly, people complain that everyone ignores them, and no one listens to them. Don’t give anyone a chance to feel that way
Smile
Even if someone is objecting to your way of thinking or your ideas, keep a smile on your face. Not a creepy full-mouthed grin, but a gentle smile to show that even though they are against you, you are still on their side.
Engage them in the conversation
Engage people in a conversation. Look at everyone when you speak. Remember their names. Let them speak their mind. Don’t interrupt when someone is saying something, even if it’s wrong. Wait for them to finish.
Respect their opinions
Respect everyone’s opinions. It doesn’t matter if it’s of no use to you. Keep control of the conversation and keep directing to the main issue at hand, but let people talk. Give them the feeling that they are contributing, just like everyone one else.
There’s no harm in admitting your faults
If you feel you have committed a mistake, admit it. Don’t wait too long to say it out loud. There’s no shame. In fact people will respect you more for being so forthright and honest with them. They will have more faith in you, and will believe that you are a just and fair leader.
Be friendly
Always be friendly. A pat on the shoulder, a shake of hand. All these little things matter. You could have had the worst arguments, but maintain a friendly demeanour.
Empathize
Always try and put yourself in the shoes of the other person. You never know what he or she is going through. So keep an open heart and be empathetic towards people.
Appreciate first, criticize later
Always appreciate people’s good points, before criticizing them for their flaws. Even then the criticism should be constructive. Don’t ridicule them in public or try to humiliate them by showing how stupid they are. Be a professional.
Don’t bully, or order
If you want something done, bullying or ordering is not the path to take. No one likes to be ordered around. Be nice and respectful. Ask nicely. The person being asked will be much happier to do it.
Influencing people is an art. It boils down to learning the skills. Master these and people will be eating out of your hands.
Much of the world's transactions, whether it is business or personal, are now done online. From social interaction to keeping track of finances, the Internet is now a very large part of the average citizen's life. The Internet is not without its own set of risks, however. Should you encounter a virus, your private information could become compromised, data destroyed and hardware completely fried. Not all viruses are created equal, however. Some viruses have produced billions of dollars in damages. Here is a look at 10 of the most expensive computer viruses of all time, and how to avoid a similar devastation in the future.
MyDoom
The most devastating computer virus to date is MyDoom, which caused over $38 billion in damages. In addition to being the most expensive virus to date, its effects were far-reaching and fast-moving. When a user was infected with the virus it creates network openings which allowed others to have access to your computer. In addition, the virus also had the ability to open random programs. In 2004, an estimated 25% of all emails had been infected by the virus.
SoBig
Another harmful and expensive computer virus is SoBig. In 2003, the SoBig virus caused over $37.1 billion in devastation. This fast-spreading virus circulated through email as viral spam, and if exposed, the virus had the capability to copy files, emailing itself to others and causing serious damage to computer software and hardware.
ILOVEYOU
ILOVEYOU is another particularly malicious virus that spread quickly through email, websites and file sharing. The ILOVEYOU virus, or the "Love Letter" worm, affected more than 500,000 systems in 2000 and produced over $15 billion in damages, including $5.5 billion in the first week alone. The virus replicated itself and exposed itself to everyone in the owner's contact list. This virus was a pioneer for other viruses, as it was one of the first to attach to an email.
Conficker
The Conficker virus caused over $9.1 billion in damages in 2007 and infected millions of computers around the world. The virus scanned computers for weaknesses and vulnerabilities, logged keystrokes and downloaded code from hacker-selected websites and more.
Code Red
One of the most well-known viruses to date is the Code Red virus. It caused over $2 billion in damages in 2001, and had the ability to break into computer networks and exploit weaknesses in Microsoft software. Once the virus infected the machine, it actively looked for other machines on the networks to attack.
Melissa
The Melissa virus was a particularly slimy virus that sent out infected Microsoft Word documents through Microsoft Outlook, delivering viral messages to everyone listed in the Outlook address book. The messages appeared to be coming from the Outlook owner, but was really the Melissa virus at work. A tell-tale indicator that Melissa had infiltrated your Outlook is if your contacts had received an email from you with the message: "Here is that document you asked for … don't show anyone else." There would be a word document attached, complete with the Melissa virus. In 1999, Melissa caused $1.2 billion in damages.
SirCam
SirCam was a worm that caused over $1 billion in damages in 2001. This virus had the ability to compromise confidential information, delete items or use up space on your hard drive until there was not enough memory to store anything else.
SQL Slammer
SQL Slammer is a virus that greatly affected banks and caused Internet speed to lag significantly across the globe. SQL Slammer caused an estimated $750 million in damages in 2003, and affected 200,000 computers worldwide.
Nimda
Nimda is one of the Internet's most widespread viruses and among the costliest as well. The virus caused $635 million worth of damages in 2001 and caused Internet browsing time to slow significantly. Additionally, it could affect a user's email account and send out a read-me file to all contacts listed in the email address book. The virus caused traffic and Internet speeds to slowdown.
Sasser
Sasser created quite a bit of trouble in 2004 when it piled up $500 million in damages, devastated the British Coast Guard mapping system and caused numerous canceled flights. The creator of Sasser was identified as a teenager from Germany, and was quickly apprehended when one of his "friends" turned him in for a $250,000 bounty posted by Microsoft.
The Bottom Line
While the Internet can be a wonderful resource for doing everything from communicating with friends and colleagues to checking your bank statement, it is not necessarily the safest of places to perform such transactions when viruses are lurking in the midst. Protect yourself and your computer with quality anti-virus software, and continue to browse safely on the Internet.
"It's really, in some senses, a dawning of the rebirth of MS Windows... It's certainly the most important piece of work we've done," he said in a speech to the Seoul Digital Forum.
Windows 8, whose preview version will be released in June, allows users readily to store and share personal data among various devices under the "SkyDrive" cloud computing service. Rival Apple already offers such a service.
The new Microsoft system will support a wider range of devices, including touch- and stylus-based smartphones and tablet PCs as well as desktop and laptop machines, Ballmer said.
The software giant has been trying to expand its presence in the booming software market for smartphones and tablets, which is currently dominated by Apple and Google.
Ballmer predicted that the cloud computing market would become dominated by a few big players.
"The number of core (cloud) platforms, around which software developers will do their innovation, is not ever-broadening," he said.
"It's really a quite smaller and focused number -- Windows, various forms of Linux, the Apple ecosystem."
In three to five years from now, "there will be just a few ecosystems that really can get the critical mass", he said.
Ballmer estimated up to 500 million users will have Windows systems next year, promising the "best economic opportunity" for device makers and app developers.
Microsoft will also soon introduce Skype powered by Windows 8, Ballmer said. His company last year bought the leading Internet video and voice-calling service for $8.5 billion.
Part-I-Philippines-Civil-Service-Professional-Reviewer
Download
Part-II-Philippines-Civil-Service-Professional-Reviewer
Download
Part-III-Philippines-Civil-Service-Professional-Reviewer
Download
Part-IV-Philippines-Civil-Service-Professional-Reviewer-Answer-Key
Download
Answers-to-Philippine-Civil-Service-Reviewer-Problem-Solving-Items-1-to-20
Download
Answers-to-Items-21-to-40-of-the-Word-Problems-for-the-Part-II-of-the-Civil-Service-Professional-Examination-Reviewer
Download
Answers-to-the-Number-Analogy-Questions-in-Part-II-Civil-Service-Professional-Exam-Reviewer
Download
Philippine Career Service Examination Reviewer 2011
Download
Collection of Philippine Civil Service Reviewer
Download
Other materials
Find out why your documents won’t print, where your downloads disappear to, what a .dat file is, how those infernal toolbars invaded your browser, and much more.
Modern PCs are certainly marvels of technology--and yet for all their advances, computers still do crazy, inexplicable things. With the average machine, there's enough mystery to keep Sherlock Holmes or Miss Marple hopping for a month--and enough frustration to make the average user want to commit murder most foul.
Computing mysteries tend to be less "Who dunnit?" and more "Why won't it?" For example, you may have puzzled over why Windows obstinately refused to let you delete a stalled print job, or wondered why you couldn't find the file you just downloaded. But worry not:
Where did my downloaded files go? Why can't I find them?
Your browser chooses where downloads go, but you can control the process.
Why doesn't my iPad charge when I connect it to my computer?
Your PC's USB port doesn't supply enough juice--but you can still charge your iPad, gradually.
Why does a video play on my desktop but not my laptop?
If a computer doesn't have the specific decoder for a video format, you can't watch the video. Get the right one.
My printer won't print, and Windows won't allow me to cancel or delete print jobs. What's going on?
Usually this is the result of a communication problem between the PC and printer. Get them talking.
I hear beeps when I turn on my PC. What do they mean?
Those beeps come from the BIOS (a piece of software built into the motherboard). Find out what a "beep code" means.
In a folder full of digital images, I often notice a file called Thumbs.db. What is it, and can I safely delete it?
Thumbs.db is a Windows XP system file that contains the thumbnail cache for a particular folder. You can tweak Windows to get it out of your way.
Why does every digital camera--even the one on my smartphone--insist on storing photographs in a folder called DCIM?
DCIM (for Digital Camera IMages) is the default directory structure for digital cameras--and having such a standard is very useful.
My Recycle Bin has disappeared. How do I go about restoring it?
Whether it was a victim of a glitch or never available in the first place, you can follow a few simple directions to restore the Recycle Bin.
Why does Windows sometimes reboot without my permission, and how do I prevent that from happening?
This problem relates to how Windows installs automatic updates. Fortunately, you can make some tweaks.
Where do all these mysterious Web browser toolbars come from, and how do I get rid of them?
Sometimes spyware installs browser toolbars, and sometimes you do it accidentally during software installation.
How did I end up with QuickTime on my PC, and do I need to keep it?
This media-playback software comes bundled with iTunes and installs along with it.
I have Microsoft Word installed on my PC. Why can't I open the .docx files my friend sent me?
If you use Word 2003 or an earlier version of the program, all you need is the Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 File Formats.
Why won't Windows allow me to delete a certain file?
If Windows refuses to delete a file or folder, some application or process is accessing it.
Why do some programs leave files and folders behind even after I've uninstalled them?
Many programs' uninstallers are ineffective. Use a utility that removes not only the application but also all of the pieces it leaves behind.
Why do Adobe Reader and Java update so frequently? Do I have to allow it?
Most Adobe and Java patches are made to plug security holes, so you should update them--or use alternative software.
Is it absolutely necessary to update Windows?
Yes, you should definitely apply Windows updates for security reasons, but you can take a few steps to cut down Windows' nagging.
Does it matter whether I ‘Safely Remove' devices?
Absolutely: If you ignore Windows' requests to "Safely Remove" your storage media, you could end up with corrupted files, unreadable media, or both.
Windows asks me if I want to enable Sticky Keys. What are they, and how should I use them?
The Sticky Keys feature makes certain keyboard functions easier to access.
Why can't I send out a particular file attachment through e-mail?
The file is probably too large. Check out free services that let you work around file-size restrictions.
What are the .dat files I sometimes receive in e-mail messages, and how do I open them?
Microsoft Outlook uses a modified version of Rich Text Format to preserve fonts and the like, but it often causes problems for the recipient.